![]() Volcanic ash reflects incoming solar radiation leading to a localised cooling effect in the temperature.Volcanic eruptions are often accompanied with events of volcanic lightning.Plumes of volcanic ash can spread over the large areas of the sky, reducing visibility.La-Palma: The volcanic system in the canaries to saw eruption of an explosive volcano in 2021.It filled the valley with dark black lava for months before the eruption ceased. Iceland: The volcanic system of Iceland, erupted in 2021.Nyiragongo : The violent/explosive eruption of this volcano in Democratic Republic of Congo affected the local population, as it killed dozens of people.Taal volcano : The volcano near Manila, experienced eruptions in 2021.Hunga Tonga -Hunga Hapai: The submarine volcano erupted in December, 2021.Volcanoes have significant impact on the regional environment, as can be seen from the examples of following volcanoes in 2021: RECENT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS 2021 PDFMonthly Current Affairs For UPSC PDF DownloadĪ volcano eruption is when lava and gas are released from an active volcano, often explosively.Prelims 2022 Study Material- Learn with ForumIAS.Bills and Acts Tracker for UPSC IAS Examination.And the sulfur dioxide will dissipate in just a few years whereas the water will likely stick around for at least 5 years-and potentially longer Millán thinks. Water absorbs incoming energy from the Sun, making it a potent greenhouse gas. But with so much water vapor flung aloft, the Tonga eruption could have a different impact. The water will probably remain in the stratosphere for half a decade or more, he says.īig volcanic eruptions often cool the climate, because the sulfur dioxide they release forms compounds that reflect incoming sunlight. That’s likely because of the eruption’s magnitude and underwater location, he says. Other volcanoes have added measurable amounts of water vapor to Earth’s atmosphere, he says, but the scale this time was unprecedented. That’s equivalent to about 58,000 Olympic-size swimming pools, or about 10% of the entire water content of the stratosphere, Millán says. In all, the plume shot approximately 146 billion kilograms of water into Earth’s stratosphere, an arid layer of the atmosphere that begins several miles above sea level, the authors report this month in Geophysical Research Letters. With repeated observations from the MLS on both the day of the eruption and the days afterward, the researchers were able to watch the plume, and its water content, grow and disperse around the globe. Of particular interest to scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, including study co-author and JPL atmospheric scientist Luis Millán, were the water and sulfur dioxide released by the eruption, because those compounds can affect climate. The instrument, which became operational in 2004, measures a variety of compounds in Earth’s atmosphere at heights up to about 100 kilometers. The study comes thanks to the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard NASA’s Aura satellite. “We are really surprised by this eruption in many different ways.” “The idea that an eruption could directly inject a large amount of water vapor into the stratosphere has not to my knowledge been directly observed, at least not to this magnitude,” says Matthew Toohey, a physicist who focuses on climate modeling and the effects of volcanic eruptions at the University of Saskatchewan and was not involved with the work. That water will likely remain there for years, where it could eat away at the ozone layer and perhaps even warm Earth. The ash and gasses punching into the sky also shot billions of kilograms of water into the atmosphere, a new study concludes. The eruption was the most powerful ever recorded, causing an atmospheric shock wave that circled the globe four times, and sending a plume of debris more than 50 kilometers into the atmosphere. On 15 January, Tonga’s Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted under the sea, rocking the South Pacific nation and sending tsunamis racing around the world. ![]()
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